Sebenarnya terdapat juga case2 yang tak clear cut bagi kanak2 dengan demam+rash+mouth ulcerterutama pada hari2 awal tak sihat.
Tapi yang penting, up kan diri kita sebagai parent prihatin dengan info2 basic
--> so senang lah masa nak jumpa doktor nanti bukan? c:
About Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD)
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a common viral illness that usually affects infants and children younger than 5 years old.
However, it can sometimes occur in adults.
Symptoms of hand, foot, and mouth disease include fever, blister-like sores in the mouth (herpangina), and a skin rash (mainly over bilateral palms and sole of foot) .
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is caused by viruses that belong to the Enterovirus genus (group). This group of viruses includes polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and enteroviruses.
Coxsackievirus A16 is the most common cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease in the United States, but other coxsackieviruses have been associated with the illness.
Enterovirus 71 has also been associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease and outbreaks of this disease.
Signs & Symptoms
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is often confused with foot-and-mouth disease (also called hoof-and-mouth disease), a disease of cattle, sheep, and swine.
However, the two diseases are caused by different viruses and are not related. Humans do not get the animal disease, and animals do not get the human disease
Hand, foot, and mouth disease usually starts with a fever, poor appetite, a vague feeling of being unwell (malaise), and sore throat.
One or 2 days after fever starts, painful sores usually develop in the mouth (herpangina). They begin as small red spots that blister and that often become ulcers. The sores are often in the back of the mouth.
A skin rash develops over 1 to 2 days. The rash has flat or raised red spots, sometimes with blisters. The rash is usually on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet; it may also appear on the knees, elbows, buttocks or genital area.
Some people, especially young children, may get dehydrated if they are not able to swallow enough liquids because of painful mouth sores.
Persons infected with the viruses that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease may not get all the symptoms of the disease. They may only get mouth sores or skin rash.
Complications
Health complications from hand, foot, and mouth disease are not common.
Some complications include:
- Viral or "aseptic" meningitis can occur with hand, foot, and mouth disease but it is rare. It causes fever, headache, stiff neck, or back pain.
- Inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) can occur, but this is even rarer.
- Fingernail and toenail loss have been reported, occurring mostly in children within 4 weeks of their having hand, foot, and mouth disease.
At this time, it is not known whether nail loss was a result of the disease. However, in the reports reviewed, the nail loss was temporary and the nail grew back without medical treatment.
Transmission
The viruses that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) can be found in an infected person’s:
nose and throat secretions (such as saliva, sputum, or nasal mucus),
blister fluid, and
feces (stool).
An infected person may spread the viruses that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease through:
close personal contact,
the air (through coughing or sneezing),
contact with feces,
contaminated objects and surfaces.
For example, you might get infected by kissing someone who has hand, foot, and mouth disease or by touching a doorknob that has viruses on it then touching your eyes, mouth or nose.
It is possible to get infected with the viruses that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease if you swallow recreational water, such as water in swimming pools.
However, this is not very common. This is more likely to happen if the water becomes contaminated with feces from a person who has hand, foot, and mouth disease, and is not properly treated with chlorine.
Generally, a person with hand, foot, and mouth disease is most contagious during the first week of illness.
People can sometimes be contagious for days or weeks after symptoms go away.
Some people, especially adults, who get infected with the viruses that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease may not develop any symptoms. However, they may still be contagious.
You should stay home while you are sick with hand, foot, and mouth disease. Talk with your healthcare provider if you are not sure when you should return to work or school. The same applies to children returning to daycare.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is not transmitted to or from pets or other animals.
Diagnosis
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is one of many infections that cause mouth sores. Health care providers can usually tell the difference between mouth sores caused by hand, foot, and mouth disease and other causes by considering —
how old the patient is,
what symptoms the patient has, and
how the rash and mouth sores look.
Depending on how severe the symptoms are, samples from the throat or stool may be collected and sent to a laboratory to test for the virus.
Prevention & Treatment
There is no vaccine to protect against the viruses that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease.
A person can lower their risk of being infected by
Washing hands often with soap and water, especially after changing diapers and using the toilet. Visit CDC’s Clean Hands Save Lives! for more information.
Disinfecting dirty surfaces and soiled items, including toys. First wash the items with soap and water; then disinfect them with a solution of chlorine bleach (made by mixing 1 tablespoon of bleach and 4 cups of water).
Avoiding close contact such as kissing, hugging, or sharing eating utensils or cups with people with hand, foot, and mouth disease.
If a person has mouth sores, it might be painful to swallow. However, drinking liquids is important to stay hydrated. If a person cannot swallow enough liquids, these may need to be given through an IV in their vein.
Treatment
There is no specific treatment for hand, foot and mouth disease. However, some things can be done to relieve symptoms, such as
Taking over-the-counter medications to relieve pain and fever (Caution: Aspirin should not be given to children.)
Using mouthwashes or sprays that numb mouth pain
Persons who are concerned about their symptoms should contact their health care provider.
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Ops kali ini, adik Qalesya kena chickenpox manakala abang Hazim pula HFMD. Baru tadi pengasuh adik di Abqari Razin called, bagitahu ada baby yang kene HFMD di sana.
Erm tak mustahil,adik boleh kena HFMD juga nanti, contact kat rumah dan taska dua2 ada!! :c
Artikel menarik lain tentang misdiagnosis of HFMD dan chickenpox, creadit:
1. Don’t mistake hand, foot and mouth disease for chicken pox: http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/Don-t-mistake-hand-foot-and-mouth-disease-for-chicken-pox/Article1-941814.aspx
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dah follow...selamat berblogging :)
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